Why we must foster a female role in video games
How sexist is videogame culture? Canadian–American feminist and video blogger Anita Sarkeesian published the first in a series of Kickstarter-funded videos on the subject this month. Called Damsel in Distress: Tropes Versus Women, it looks at how women have been represented in videogame culture throughout the years.
It's an interesting critique of how video game narrative reinforces sexist attitudes towards women. It contains many examples of how female characters are objectified in videogames, turned into prizes for mostly-male characters to win.
The discussion highlights the opportunity for game developers to do something different, and turn these tired old tropes on their heads, rather than simply porting old games to new platforms and perpetrating the same stereotypes.
There are some interesting things going on in game development these days which promise to disrupt these traditional narratives. Silicon Sisters, a Vancouver-based gaming company started by two women, makes games targeting teen and tween girls, which put them firmly in the narrative and enable them to guide and develop their own stories.
This would seem to make good business sense. These new gaming models promise to unlock a vast new player base that traditional console gaming companies may have overlooked.
It also makes longer-term sense. Software development has generally been a male-dominated occupation, but it also suffers from a shortage of skills. If there aren't enough developers, and few women go into software development, shouldn't we be encourage girls to get interested in computing? Given that many childrens' first exposure to computers will be through video games, it would seem sensible to create a place for girls in those games.
My own favourite stories focus on awesome dads who have hacked traditional games to invert the damsel in distress theme. In November, Mike Hoye, fed up with having to do "gender translation on-the-fly" for his young daughter Maya while playing classic video game Windwaker, took technology into his own hands to make the game – part of the Zelda series – more female friendly. He turned the key character, Link, into a girl, with the help of a Dolphin emulator and a copy of the Gamecube disc image.
Earlier this month, another techie – Mike Mika, a games designer who has worked on games for devices as far back as the Atari 2600 – hacked Donkey Kong so that his three-year-old daughter could play as Pauline (who is generally the 'damsel in distress') in the game. Thanks to some sprite editing and animation on his part, his daughter can now rescue Mario.
I like gaming nostalgia. I like intelligent writing about games. Most of all, though, as a geek father myself, I love these dynamite dads.
Is gaming culture as sexist as Ms Sarkeesian argues? Many will have their own perspectives, but the reactions of some gamers to female perspectives is alarming to say the least, and reinforces the idea that this young male-dominated gaming community needs to grow up, quickly. When she first launched the Kickstarter campaign to fund her video series, a young Canadian gamer published an online flash game called "Beat up Anita Sarkeesian". In the game (since removed), players could repeatedly click an image of her face, which would gradually show bruises and cuts until the screen finally turned red. Ms Sarkeesian was also sent death threats, and Photoshopped pictures of herself being raped by popular video game characters.
Guess who else online nutjobs wished dead? Mike Mika's three-year-old daughter. "It would do the world a favour and be one less feminist in our future," said one hateful comment on his YouTube video. His reaction was measured, and reasoned: "if something as innocuous as having Mario be saved by Pauline brings out the crazy, maybe we aren’t as mature in our view of gender roles as we should be," he said.
I'd agree with that. Gaming culture probably needs a little more balance, both among developers and players, wouldn't you agree?
Check out Damsel in Distress: Tropes Versus Women here.
Danny Bradbury, MSN Tech & GadgetsComments
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Posted by: Kate | Mar 19, 2013 12:25:05 AM
Not to be nit-picky, but "Windwaker" is actually titled "The Wind Waker" and was released for the Nintendo Gamecube in 2003. While a great game, it probably wouldn't be considered "classic" as of yet.
Posted by: Josee | Mar 19, 2013 5:51:20 AM
I dunno. I'm a girl, and though I don't conisder myself a hardcore gamer I can devote hours to a game in one sitting (fortunately, not everyday!!!! lol) My current semi-obsession is Skyrim and the character I was allowed to create for myself is female.
It seems to me that the older games are generally "male" but the games that have become available starting from around the start of 1998 to now are very quickly sliding towards unisex players. They are neither strickly male or female, but allow for either gender-player.
As I said, I don't know. Seems like making any game "female" or "male" is a generally bad idea. A title should be appropriate for both genders, rather than catagorizing it for one or the other.
Posted by: Akemi | Mar 19, 2013 8:54:23 AM
First, let me state that I am a 26 year old female gamer.
My petpeeve about this article is that they're using examples from Mario, Donkey Kong and Zelda. These are iconic characters and just doesn't work with this whole "feminist" theme. These characters, since the beginning, have always been the heroes of their own story. To change them, flip them around so Princess Peach saves Mario or Zelda saving Link, just doesn't work.
Seems like they're just attacking the Nintendo games. How about Playstation or Xbox? Final Fantasy 13's main character is a female, how about that? After so many years of a male lead. Tomb Raider, a strong female lead, has been a recurring success since it began in 1996. What about all those open quest games like Skyrim where you can create either a female or male character? Even Pokemon allows you to choose male or female!!
I'm not hating on Sarkeesian but open your eyes a little bit more. There's so much more to gaming than just characters. They are a part of a story and you're playing to unravel the story behind them. It's like watching a movie where the lead role just so happens to be male. If you're playing a game just to play a female character, then it seems like you're better off playing a female character in a fighting game and just beat the crap out of the male characters. If feminists had its way, it would be Batgirl: Arkham City, Super Maria Sisters, Assassin's Creed: Sisterhood, Maxine Payne, Goddess of War, etc. It just doesn't work!!
This is just my opinion, I do not think games are sexist. Maybe in the past, but not in the modern day. And why the heck is a 3 year old playing video games?? That's a parenting fail, if you ask me.
Posted by: Male Gamer | Mar 19, 2013 8:55:51 AM
I agree with Josee, that aside from a lot of female costumes in games, I really don't see the sexism, although I admit there is some out there. (Duke Nukem anyone..) But I would not call it pervasive by any means.
I think the real problem, is that boys like combat and girls don't. Now before I get accused of sexism here, let me just say that this is relative, not absolute. My guess is probably 90% of games out there today are combat focused in some form. Even myself as a male gamer, starts to wonder, is there anything else to do in gaming besides attack and destroy things? Well not really, when the market is dominated by young males and game manufacturers are obviously going to target their main audience.
Not sure if dividing the market between Call of Duty type games and Hello Kitty is the answer. Both are ok, but there there seems to be very little in the middle, for both sexes to enjoy. Putting more social features into all games, such as housing, crafting and group activities that don't involve just massive destruction would be helpful I think. Something to do besides just kill stuff and then maybe, guys and gals can all have fun in the same game.
Posted by: UnderpaidAlien | Mar 19, 2013 9:37:28 AM
It's people like Sarkeesian who are destroying the feminist movement.
She's attacking franchises that have been in operation for decades and accusing them of being sexist for producing games that aren't female centric. Would you have them stop making games that everyone loves just because they offend your delicate sensibilities? Would you have them change Mario into a woman just to satisfy this woman's ego? Mario is a man, not because it's a sexist issue, but because he was a man when they started the franchise decades ago. No one is going to tear down a gaming icon just because it doesn't fit into your world view.
Secondly, she completely ignores every franchise that has a woman as the lead character. There are a lot of classic franchises out there that have a strong female lead, such as samus from Metroid, lara croft from tomb raider, and any of the resident evil characters. To a lesser extent there are also a score of strong female secondary characters. She ignores them all because they don't prove her point.
If she would open her eyes a little she would see that the majority of the game developers are now making unisex characters for the player so that the lead is neither strongly male nor female. Developers have tried their best to keep up with social values because they want to sell games to girls and having strong female characters was the best way to do that. Mass Effect, Skyrim, any online game.
The only thing that I will admit to is that some developers can portray females in a sexist manner via their costumes. Another way to sell games is to have sex appeal because guys will buy games with scantily clad women in them. It's the nature of the human condition. If she wants to protest about that, then by all means, do so but don't shout down successful and fun games just because they don't cater to your personal views.
Posted by: pine beetle | Mar 20, 2013 3:43:13 AM
Starcraft 2 Heart of the swarm?!? Biggest PC title of the year. Female protagonist and she is a complete badass. This article is completely ignorant.
Posted by: Marcus Porter | Mar 20, 2013 10:37:08 AM
Your favourite story is a man who illegally altered a game to change Link into a girl? So in order to support girls in video games, illegal downloading and altering should be supported?
Posted by: J. | Mar 20, 2013 12:13:17 PM
There is a serious sexism problem in videogames. Unfortunately Ms. Sarkesian and others are often focusing on games that are sometimes 20+ years old to make their point and/or are often cherry-picking their arguments to reinforce their predetermined conclusions rather than looking at the overall picture. I feel this is actually doing more damage than good as these simplistic arguments can be easily picked apart and then dismissed which prevents people from addressing the real issues of sexism in games. As much as I want to have less sexism in games I cannot back Ms. Sarkesian as her arguments are flawed.
It is a very different industry these days so looking at outdated games that were catering to an almost exclusively male audience at that time is largely unfair. Player demographics have changed and the games have changed accordingly, and although it is still not free of sexist problems, focusing on issues present decades ago doesn't address the current problems.
Often the focus of these criticisms is also on relatively superficial issues that make for good sensational headlines but ultimately don't address the real problems, or alternatively put the responsibility of general latent sexism of all media and our society at large on the backs of videogames.
I would even argue that the hacking of Donkey Kong to make the main character female and Mario the person in need of being rescued proves that the game is not sexist as it is essentially the same game either way round, showing that the character's gender is irrelevant. Also remember that most games from back in the day were essentially parodies of existing character and story archetypes and that should be taken in consideration when critiquing them.
Posted by: Danny Bradbury | Mar 20, 2013 12:13:42 PM
@Marcus, what makes you think altering Donkey Kong or a Zelda game involves an illegal download? As for illegal altering, you'd have to check the protection used on the game against any precedents set under the DMCA, I guess. But yes, that's my favourite story.
Posted by: Danny Bradbury | Mar 20, 2013 12:19:25 PM
Great and insightful points from all commenters here. I get the feeling that the first video focused on gaming history, mostly - remember that this is supposed to be a series. Seems to me that some of the female characters in games are portrayed in stereotypical terms, and are there mostly as eye candy. But I imagine Ms Sarkeesian will address portrayal of women in modern games in a forthcoming video. I mailed her asking her to comment here. I hope she has time to weigh in and answer some of these points.
Posted by: me | Mar 20, 2013 2:53:57 PM
TOMB RAIDER...